Directional Cross-Party Voting Patterns

Republican–Democratic voting patterns are shown when they exceed member- and roll-adjusted baselines. Republicans stay on the left bank and Democrats on the right; vertical ordering only reduces crossings.
opposing-majority rolls
shown pairs
shown directions
pairs in both directions
Evidence rule
Directional evidence
Republicans
Democrats
R member on D-majority side D member on R-majority side both directions meet the selected threshold
Primary evidence threshold: BH q≤.01, directional agreement above baseline ≥5 pp, refit bill-bootstrap CI above zero, and ≥97.5% positive support. Expanded evidence threshold: q≤.05 and agreement above baseline ≥3 pp with the same bootstrap gate. Arrow direction identifies which member was recorded on the opposite party's majority side; it does not indicate influence, coordination, causation, or a personal relationship.